Keywords - about lasers, how are made lasers, red, color color, DPSS lasers

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Star Wars," "Star Trek," "Battlestar Galactica" - laser tehnoly has a essential role in SF books and movies.It is no wonder that lasers are related with futuristic elements.

But lasers are essential in day life. You meet lasers in a large platform of technologies , from CD players up to medichal field (surgery in human eye and brain ), removing tatoos and hair remplacement. But what is a LASER?

Laser Light

Laser light is very different from normal light. Laser light has the following properties:

 -The light released is monochromatic. It contains one specific wavelength of light (one specific color). The wavelength of light is determined by the amount of energy released when the electron drops to a lower orbit.

 -The light released is coherent. It is organized -- each photon moves in step with the others. This means that all of the photons have wave fronts that launch in unison.

  -The light is very directional. A laser light has a very tight beam and is very strong and concentrated. A flashlight, on the other hand, releases light in many directions, and the light is very weak and diffuse.

        To make these three properties occur takes something called stimulated emission. This does not occur in your ordinary flashlight -- in a flashlight, all of the atoms release their photons randomly. In stimulated emission, photon emission is organized.

        The photon that any atom releases has a certain wavelength that is dependent on the energy difference between the excited state and the ground state. If this photon (possessing a certain energy and phase) should encounter another atom that has an electron in the same excited state, stimulated emission can occur.

Wavelengths:

       Here are some typical lasers and their emission wavelengths:

laser

wavelenghts

Argon fluoride (UV)

193

Krypton fluoride (UV)

248

Xenon chloride (UV)

308

Nitrogen (UV)

337

Argon (blue)

488

Argon (green)

514

Helium neon (green)

543

Helium neon (red)

633

Rhodamine 6G dye (tunable)

570-650

Ruby (CrAlO3) (red)

694

Nd:Yag (NIR)

1064

Carbon dioxide (FIR)

10600